博士论文代写：罗马帝国的硬币
公元前44年尤里乌斯·凯撒去世后，三个半世纪以来，罗马帝国的硬币传统上被学者们划分为“罗马帝国硬币”和“罗马省硬币”(Alcock, 2012)。在安东尼时期，亚历山大类型的迷人的剧目得到了丰富的帮助下，一系列特殊的青铜硬币，这是非常感兴趣的硬币收藏家。在安东尼·庇俄斯统治时期，《德拉克姆》系列主要描述了赫拉克勒斯的作品。伟大的十二宫系列是在第八年或公元145/6年安东尼的庇护期间被铸造出来的。十二宫系列的引入是为了纪念公元139年索泰克周期的起源。埃及使用了两种传统历法来纪念这一罕见事件的发生，这一事件在1461年后才发生。
公元前289年左右开始铸造硬币，最初铸造的是黄铜硬币，后来铸造了三枚金属硬币，但大多数是银币。在这一时期，硬币只在一个省使用，但在帝国和罗马的控制下。在卡帕多西亚的凯撒利亚，埃及的亚历山大和叙利亚的安提奥肯奥朗提斯都是这种硬币的关键铸币厂。在罗马，有一些这样的“省级”货币被铸造出来，然后被送到相关的省份(托马斯，2007)。在铜器发行的同时，还出现了以银币为主的德拉克马、四分之一的德拉克马和省级发行的德拉克马。在省级问题中，有一种民族性的缺失，这也是省级问题的一个共同特点，与产生这些问题的人民和地点有关。
普通硬币系列和“野蛮的辐射”之间没有任何契合之处。相反，它们只是普通硬币的复制品。目前，人们发现了一些保存硬币的遗址，这些硬币可以追溯到三世纪最后三十年。发现这种货币的主要国家包括英国、法国、比利时，以及前罗马帝国的许多其他西北国家，包括大量这种货币的仿制品。
Barbatous Radiates的全尺寸仿制品似乎有些不寻常。与原型机相比，它们中的大多数体积更小，而且许多明显更小，甚至小得多。在特特里西时期，高卢罗马官方硬币的产量尤其低(Bernstein, 2012)，因此，区分高卢罗马时期的官方硬币和非官方硬币变得困难。一种不寻常的野蛮的辐射式风格被用来接近质量，每个硬币的风格都包括被认为是贫穷的官方硬币。
帝国货币的产生主要是在罗马帝国的安东宁时期以帝国的权威为基础，并在此之后广泛流传。在省币制下，所有的硬币都包括在内，即使它们不是“帝国的”，或者也可以说，那些没有在罗马帝国硬币的出版物中列出的硬币也包括在内。“希腊帝国硬币”一词也适用于地方硬币。
博士论文代写 ：罗马帝国的硬币
Following the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BC, the coinage of the Roman Empire for three and half centuries was classified traditionally by the scholars as the “Roman imperial coinage” and the “Roman provincial coinage” (Alcock, 2012). The captivating repertory of Alexandrian types during the Antonine period got enriched with the help of a series of special bronze coins that was of great interest to the coin collectors. During the reign of Antoninus Pius, the one drachm series was issued principally that depicted the Labors of Herarcles. It was during the eighth year or AD 145/6 of the Antoninus Pius that the great Zodiac series was minted. The introduction of the Zodiac series was done with an aim of honouring the origination of the Sothaic Cycle during AD 139. The use of two traditional calendars of Egypt was made to mark the happening of the rare event that has its occurrence only after 1461 years.
The starting of the coinage was around 289 BC and the original casting was as a brass coinage which was later followed by three metal coins but majority of them were of silver Denarius. During this period, the coinages were used in a single province but under the imperial control and Roman provincial. Caesarea in Cappadocia, Alexandria in Egypt and Antioch-on-the-Orontes in Syria were some of the crucial mints of this kind of coinage. At Rome, there were some cases in which such “provincial” coinages were struck and then they were sent to the concerned provinces (Thomas, 2007). The bronze issues were accompanied by the Drachms, Tetradrachms, and the didrachms which were mostly composed of silver coins in the provincial issues. There was something lacking in an ethnic in the provincial issue that was also a common feature of provincial issues related to the people and place in which they are produced.
There was not seen any fit between the series of regular coins and the “Barbarous radiates”. Instead, they were only seen as a copy of the regular coins. At present times, there are sites that are found for hoarding the coins dated from the last three decades of the third century. The major countries in which such cites were found include Britain, France, Belgium, and many other north-western countries of the former Roman Empire including a large number of such copied of the currency.
The full-size imitations of the Barbatous Radiates coinage appear somewhat unusual. A majority of them are smaller in size in comparison to their prototypes, and many are distinctly smaller or very much smaller. The production of the official Gallo-Roman coins was poor specifically under the Tetrici (Bernstein, 2012) Therefore, it came difficult to make a distinction between the official and unofficial coins of Gallo-Roman period. An unusual barbarous radiate style was used for approaching the quality, and the style of each coin included the official coins that were considered as poor.
The production of the imperial coinage was based on the imperial authority mainly in the Antonine period of Roman Empire and was circulated widely since then. Under the provincial coinage, all the coins were included even though they were not “imperial” or it can be also said that those coins which were not listed in the publication of Roman Imperial Coinage were also included. The term “Greek Imperial Coins” was also applicable to the provincial coinage.
