新西兰essay代写：道德视角下的元伦理学
元伦理学是伦理学的一个分支，研究伦理陈述的性质、判断和意义。因此，元伦理学是分析哲学的一种形式，它考察道德价值的基础、范围和地位。“元伦理学的基本立场”一文提供了什么是二级探究，以及如何通过二级探究来评价道德价值和道德真理的信息。这篇文章的中心论点是什么是“好”或“坏”根据道德价值观和这些价值观的来源。文章还论述了道德上是对还是错的问题，以及道德在人与人之间、文化与文化之间的变化。
文化相对主义是指如果一个人的文化认同某一行为，那么该行为就是道德的。道德判断取决于文化，比如肯尼亚女孩的割礼。虽然这种行为是不人道的，但它仍然在许多非洲国家实行，因为它在他们的文化中得到认可。主观相对主义与文化相对主义之间也存在着令人不安的结果。因此，不同学说中的道德有不同的观点。根据情感主义，道德价值观是非对错;他们展示一个人的情绪和态度。因此，可以说，人们可以不同的态度，但没有不同的信仰。道德事实是不能否认的，因为没有道德事实。它得出的结论是，人们只能在态度上产生分歧，而不能在信仰上产生分歧(Lewis, 28)。
元伦理学的不同研究方法证明，所有的道德价值观和道德话语都有可能是对的或错的。这些价值观在客观和主观上都是真实的;它们也可以是相对正确的，也可以是绝对正确的。道德价值在某种程度上反映了现实。道德价值必须以整个世界的需要来理解。虽然在不同的语境和文化之间存在着差异，但是和谐可以通过形成道德规则来实现，而道德规则可以拯救每个人的权利。妇女的权利必须通过形成道德伦理来实现。
新西兰essay代写 ：道德视角下的元伦理学
Meta-ethics is known as the branch of ethics, which is involved in investigating the nature, judgment and meaning of an ethical statement. Thus Meta-ethics is the form of analytic philosophy that investigates the foundation, scope and status of the moral values. The article “The Basic Stances of Meta-ethics” provides the information of what is second-order inquiry and how the moral values and moral truths are evaluated through second-order enquiry. The article deals with the central argument what is “good” or “bad” according to the moral values and from where these values come from. The article also deals with the notions whether there are few things that are morally wrong or right for all the people, or they does the morality changes from person to person or culture to culture.
The cultural relativism is the approval of an action as being moral if one’s culture approves to it. The moral judgment depends on the culture, as in the case of circumcision of girls in Kenya. Though the act is inhuman, it is still practiced in many African countries, as it is approved in their culture. There are disturbing consequences among subjective relativism and cultural relativism as well. Thus the morality in different doctrines has different views. According to Emotivism the moral values are neither right nor wrong; they display one’s emotions and attitudes. Thus it can be said that people can differ in their attitudes but do not differ in their beliefs. The moral facts could not be denied as there are no moral facts. It leads to the conclusion that people can disagree only in attitude, not in beliefs (Lewis, 28).
The different approaches of meta-ethics prove that all the moral values and moral utterances are capable of being true or false. These values can be true objectively as well as subjectively; they can also be true relatively or absolutely. The moral values display the reality in some way or the other. The moral values must be understood with the need of the complete world. Though there are differences in context to context and cultures to cultures, but harmony can be achieved by forming the moral rules that can save every person’s right. The women’s right must be achieved by forming moral ethics.
