新西兰硕士论文代写
The specific significance in application is reflected in the following respects:
i. PPP is the indicator of forecasting financial crisis: An obvious feature of the 1997 financial crisis of Asia is that the real exchange rate was greatly overvalued. This is because these Asian countries impose a pegged exchange rate regime as well as an improper financial freedom policy. On the other hand, financial crisis can be forecasted if nominal exchange rate is substantially deviated from PPP, so this can be a reliable indicator (Kaminsky and Reinhart, 1998).
ii. PPP is the foundation of monetary union and nominal anchor approach: This is especially important for Asian and Latin American countries among which the benefits of establishment of monetary union are a concern (Berg, Borensztein and Mauro, 2002; Wyplosz, 2002). The general view is that while monetary union is based on different theories, historical experience shows that the real exchange rate will not maintain long-term stability. First, the impact on different countries is not the same. Secondly, the stage of development in different countries is not the same. So these differences will bring short-term and long-term real exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, economists suggest, within the monetary union, not only exchange rate but also inflation target should be converged.
iii. PPP is the tool to compare development degree and difference between rich and poor at international level: The empirical test of PPP is not just a theoretical application, but also an application for international level of economic development. It provides a standard criterion for the comparison of national income. It plays an important role in assessing the income inequality of the world and the impacts of globalization (Milanovic, 2002). Studies have shown that the nominal exchange rate in developing countries has a significantly greater deviation from PPP than in developed countries, which is due to the government intervention and large trade barriers in the economy of developing countries, indicating that the PPP test is conducive to determine the development of the national market economy (Tang and Butiong, 1994).
新西兰硕士论文代写
在应用程序的特定意义体现在以下几个方面：
一，PPP是预测金融危机的指标：亚洲的1997金融危机的一个明显特征是，实际汇率被大大高估了。这是因为这些亚洲国家实行钉住汇率制度以及不当的金融自由化政策。另一方面，金融危机可以预测如果名义汇率大幅偏离购买力平价，所以这可能是一个可靠的指示器（卡明斯基和赖因哈特，1998）。
Ⅱ。PPP是货币联盟和名义锚方法的基础：这是特别重要的亚洲和拉丁美洲国家，其中货币联盟的建立是一个问题（Berg，伯伦斯坦和毛罗，2002；组织，2002）。一般的观点是，货币联盟是基于不同的理论，历史经验表明，实际汇率不会长期保持稳定。首先，对不同国家的影响是不一样的。其次，在不同国家的发展阶段是不一样的。所以这些差异会带来短期的和长期的实际汇率波动。因此，经济学家认为，货币联盟内，不仅汇率也是通胀目标应该融合。
三、PPP是比较发展程度和国际级别的贫富差距的工具：购买力平价的实证检验不仅是一个理论的应用，也为国际经济发展水平的一个应用。它提供了对国民收入进行比较的标准规范。在评估全球收入不平等和全球化的影响起着重要的作用（篇，2002）。研究表明，在发展中国家，名义汇率有较大的偏离PPP比在发达国家，这是由于在发展中国家的政府干预经济和庞大的贸易壁垒，指出PPP测试有助于确定国家市场经济的发展（唐butiong，1994）。
