学院论文代写:自然灾害对沿海地区的影响

学院论文代写:自然灾害对沿海地区的影响

为了限制海水,土木工程师和气候科学家研究并提出了一些积极的解决方案。这些解决方案以人工屏障、天然屏障、防波堤、沙丘和其他工程结构的形式出现。然而,这些屏障并不能抵御沿海地区的洪水,相反,当发生严重或轻微的洪水时,它们本身就处于危险之中(Nicholls, Hoozemans, &Marchand, 1999;伍德拉夫,爱尔兰&卡马尔戈,2013)。

损坏地下蓄水层

饮用水从很早以前就开始从地下水库中抽取。这种做法在沿海地区很常见。在这些地区,人们主要依靠这些地下水来吃饭、做饭、清洁、洗涤和其他公用事业。地下水库被称为含水层。这些含水层自然地使水脱盐并使其可用。如果海平面上升到一定的高度,这些含水层就有可能被海水侵入,使其无法食用。沿海居民的另一个选择是通过人工海水淡化厂获得公用用水。但是这些工厂非常昂贵,这使得当局无法对沿海地区的所有人口进行管理。

此外,沿海地区的农民也利用含水层的水灌溉。受污染或不洁净的水,由于海水侵入含水层,可能破坏农田、作物和杀虫剂的效力。

对植物、属地及海洋动物有影响

生活在水里或以任何方式依赖水的沿海地区附近和内部的物种可能面临海平面上升的某些后果。一些物种因此完全消失,而另一些则可能受到伤害或变得稀少。植物通常非常依赖于环境条件。它们对土壤侵蚀、湿度、干燥、地表和地下温度的反应相对较快。在沿海地区,土壤的性质随海平面的变化而变化。因此,沿海地区附近和沿海地区内的植物受到干扰。此外,如果土壤盐分达到一定程度,植物就很难在土壤中生长。同样,海平面上升也影响着生活在海岸线附近的动物。曾经在海岸上安家的动物被上升的海水冲走了。其他依赖植物获得饲料的动物,在植物不生长时也被剥夺了饲料。由于上述原因,动物可能会转移到其他地方(Walther, 2002)。


学院论文代写 :自然灾害对沿海地区的影响

To restrict sea water, civil engineers and climate scientists researched and took out some positive solutions. These solutions are present in the form of artificial barriers, natural barriers, jetties, sand dunes, and other engineered structures. However, these barriers cannot counter the floods in coastal areas rather they are in danger themselves in case of heavy and light floods (Nicholls, Hoozemans, &Marchand, 1999; Woodruff, Irish & Camargo, 2013).
Damage to Aquifers
Drinking water has been extracted from underground water reservoirs since early ages. This practice is very common in coastal areas. In these areas population relies largely on this underground water for eating, cooking, cleaning, washing and other utilities. Underground water reservoirs are termed as aquifers. These aquifers naturally desalinate the water and make it useable. If sea level rises to certain level there is a chance of intrusion of sea water in these aquifers which makes it inedible. Another option for coastal population is to attain utility water through artificial desalination plants. But these plants are highly expensive which makes it unfeasible for authorities to manage for whole population in coastal areas.
Moreover, water from aquifers is also used by farmers near coastal areas for irrigation purposes. The polluted or impure water, due to intrusion of sea water in aquifers, may destroy the farming fields, crops, and pesticides effectiveness.
Affect to Plants, Territorial and Sea Animals
The species near and within coastal areas which live in water or are dependent on water in any way may face certain consequences of rise in sea level. Some species completely disappear as a consequence while other may get harm or get scarce. Plants are usually very dependent on environmental conditions. They react relatively quicker to soil erosion, humidity, dryness, over ground and underground temperatures. In the coastal areas, the soil changes its property depending upon range of sea level. Therefore plants near coastal areas and within coastal areas are disturbed. Moreover, if the soil gets salty to a certain extent it is very difficult for plants to grow in that soil. Similarly, risen sea levels are also affecting animals living near coastlines. The animals that use to make their homes on the shores are swept away by the risen sea. Others which are dependent on plants to get their feed are also deprived of their feed when plants do not grow. Because of the mentioned reasons animals may shift to other places (Walther, 2002).

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