英文论文代写

Excess Liquidity in China

The effort to curb speculation in real estate is particularly urgent because China’s equity and real estate markets are awash in cash. In 2010, the Shanghai 180 A-Share Index posted gains of nearly 121%, while the Dow Jones Shenzhen Index rose by more than 82%. Investment in real estate development remains robust, growing 21.8% in2010, close to a percentage point faster than in 2009. In January 2009, the country’s construction minister said that a 2010 rule meant to ensure that developers build more low- and mid-range housing units would be strictly enforced. Premier Wen Jiabao echoed the sentiment in a speech to the Chinese legislature in early March, noting that the country should focus on development of “reasonably priced” commercial housing, according to media reports.

And the country’s economy continued to hum at a double-digit pace. Inflation-adjusted gross domestic product (GDP) rose 10.7%in 2010, though China’s leaders are expected to adopt a target of 8% growth for 2009.

Rising wealth from stock gains could spill into the country’s property sector. Warnings over a stock market bubble and plans to cut speculation led to a decline of 8.8% in the Shanghai composite index on February 27, 2009, sparking a sell-off in other global equity markets.

After specifically warning about the possibility of a real estate bubble in December, the central bank ordered 20 financial institutions to buy $20billion of bonds (the fourth time in 2010 that banks were told to buy bonds) to reduce the amount of funds available for lending, according to the China Economic Review, a provider of China business news and information.

The central bank has continued to issue bills in 2009. The central bank also raised banks’ reserving requirements to 10%in February 2009. They had been 8.5% since mid-August 2010.

The moves to curb lending have led to a brief respite in home price appreciation. Price increases slowed in 2010, particularly in the second half of the year. Although prices for homes in 70 large and medium sized Chinese cities rose 5.5%, according to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the rate of increase was down 2.1percentage points from 2009.

Sales of luxury apartments, the fastest-rising part of the market, slowed in the fourth quarter, limiting price increases in that segment. The global real estate services firm added that prices of luxury villas rose in both cities due to expectations that the government’s efforts to cool the property sector would limit the supply of these homes in the future.

Despite the Chinese government’s efforts to rein in the country’s blistering-hot property market, leading developers are still growing at a rapid clip, benefiting from rising homeownership rates. Larger firms are also able to wield increasing market dominance because smaller developers are feeling the pinch from the macroeconomic policies introduced in 2010 to control the sector.

英文论文代写

在中国的流动性过剩

为了遏制房地产投机显得尤为迫切,因为中国的股市和房地产市场充斥着大量现金。2010,上海A股180指数公布了近121%的收益,而Dow琼斯深圳指数上升超过82%。房地产开发投资保持强劲增长21.8%,2010年,近一个百分点,比2009快。2009一月,国家建设部部长说,2010的原则是保证开发商建造更多低、中档的住房单位将严格执行。国务院总理温家宝的观点在3月初对中国立法机构的讲话,指出国家应重点发展的“价格合理”的商品房,据媒体报道。

和国家经济的持续的嗡嗡声在两位数的速度。通货膨胀调整后的国内生产总值(GDP)2010上涨10.7%,但中国领导人也将采取8%的增长目标为2009。

不断增长的财富,从股票的收益可能会蔓延到全国的房地产行业。在股市泡沫和计划减少投机导致上海综合指数2009年2月27日下降8.8%的警告,全球股票市场的其他引发抛售。

在具体的警告,在十二月的房地产泡沫的可能性,央行下令20金融机构购买200亿美元的债券(2010的第四次银行对购买债券)以减少用于贷款的资金量,根据中国经济评论,一个供应商的中国商业新闻和信息。

中央银行继续在2009发行钞票。中央银行还提高了银行准备金要求在二月2009到10%。他们自八月中旬2010 8.5%。

抑制贷款的举措已导致国内价格升值的短暂。价格上涨放缓2010,特别是在下半年。虽然在70个大中型大中城市房屋价格上涨了5.5%,据中国国家统计局的数据显示,增长率从2009下降2.1percentage点。

豪华公寓的销售,市场的上升最快的一部分,在第四季度放缓,限制在这部分的价格上涨。全球房地产服务公司说,豪华别墅价格上涨在这两个城市因预期,政府的努力,以冷却房地产行业将限制未来的这些房屋的供应。

尽管中国政府努力控制国家的炎热的房地产市场,引导开发商仍在快速增长,得益于住房拥有率上升。规模较大的公司也能够利用增加市场的主导地位,规模较小的开发商正在感受到了2010来控制部门的宏观经济政策的捏。

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