作文代写:学术界公司化的战略企业联盟

作文代写:学术界公司化的战略企业联盟

学术界的公司化始于大学校长决定撤资并寻找合作伙伴。这一策略是由企业高等教育论坛提出的。在这种策略下,公司开始资助大学教授进行研究,而这些研究只会让他们的组织受益,而不会让整个学生群体受益。因此,教授们开始为资助者而不是学生谋福利。公司,然后把专利和版权放在研究上,这些研究甚至对那些自己进行研究的大学的学生来说都是无法获得的。

私营公司将这些研究的价格翻倍,然后以惊人的价格出售,以保存在大学图书馆和公众可获得的其他资源中。换句话说,公共资金被用作对私营企业的间接补贴。此外,限制学生和公众的知识是严格违反教育机构的教育传播议程。

Corporatization of academia began when the university presidents decided to defund the universities and seek out corporate partners. This strategy was proposed by Corporate Higher Education Forum (C.H.E.F). Under this strategy, corporations started funding university professors for the research that could only benefit their organization instead of benefitting the student community at large. Hence, professors began working to benefit their funders rather than their students. The corporations, then place patents and copyrights on the researches which became inaccessible even for the students of those universities that have produced the research themselves.
Private corporations multiply the price of those researches manifold and then sell them at staggering rates to be kept in the university libraries and other sources accessible by the public. In other words, public funds are used as an indirect subsidy to private businesses. Moreover, confining knowledge from students and general public is strictly against the education dissemination agenda of the educational institutions.


作文代写 :学术界公司化的战略企业联盟

加州大学与农业生物技术公司先正达(前身为诺华)于1998年签署的伯克利-诺华协议,是企业与学术机构结成战略企业联盟的例子之一。根据这些协议,企业向学术机构支付数百万美元,以换取它们对大学研究成果的独家垄断。

在学术机构公有化之前,1979年,美国大学获得了264项专利。这一数字在1997年增至2436项,2003年增至3450项。结果,从1991年到2000年,大学的版税收入增加了520%。此外,企业对大学研究的资助从20世纪70年代初的2.3%上升到2000年的8%。(Jerry Thursby)

教育机构的公证化不仅限制了学生和公众的知识来源,而且还从社会中攫取了知识,在社会上背叛和欺诈行为猖獗的情况下,这是一种可信和公正的知识来源。

The Berkeley-Novartis agreement of 1998 signed between University of California and agricultural biotechnology company, Syngenta, formerly, Novartis is one of the examples of strategic corporate alliance between business firms and academic institutions. Under such agreements, corporations pay millions of dollars to academic institutions in exchange of exclusive monopoly over their research results of the universities.
Prior to corporatization of academic institutions, in 1979, US universities obtained 264 patents. That number increased to 2436 patents in 1997 and 3450 in 2003. Resultantly, royalty revenues to universities boosted by more than 520 percent between 1991 and 2000. Besides, corporate funding of university research rose from 2.3 percent in early 1970s to 8 percent in 2000. (Jerry G. Thursby)
Corporatization of educational institutions hasn’t only restricted the sources of knowledge from students and public at large but has also snatched from the society, a credible and unbiased source of knowledge in the wake of treachery and fraud being rampant in the society.

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